Light Bulbs and Electric Vehicles #
Two of the most important applications of electricity in daily life: lighting and electric vehicles (EVs).
Light Bulbs #
| Type | Efficiency | Lifespan | Heat | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incandescent | 5% | 1,000 h | Very high | Low |
| Fluorescent | 20-25% | 8,000-15,000 h | Low | Medium |
| LED | 30-50% | 25,000-50,000 h | Minimal | Medium-high |
Electric Vehicles #
- Battery (lithium-ion) provides energy → inverter converts DC to AC → electric motor drives the wheels
- Regenerative braking: motor becomes a generator during braking
- Advantages: zero local emissions, ~90% efficiency, low maintenance, instant torque
- Types: BEV (pure electric), HEV (hybrid), PHEV (plug-in hybrid), FCEV (fuel cell)
Conclusion #
LED bulbs and electric vehicles represent the future of lighting and transportation: more efficient, cleaner and more sustainable.
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